{"id":11931,"date":"2020-04-29T08:00:57","date_gmt":"2020-04-29T08:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/?p=11931"},"modified":"2024-05-07T13:06:44","modified_gmt":"2024-05-07T11:06:44","slug":"intelligence-artificielle-machine-deep-learning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/blog\/tendances-competences\/intelligence-artificielle-machine-deep-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"Intelligence artificielle (IA) vs. Machine learning vs. Deep learning"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Intelligence artificielle<\/strong>, <strong>machine learning<\/strong>, <strong>deep learning<\/strong>&#8230; La technologie avance \u00e0 pas de g\u00e9ant et il est normal de se sentir perdu si on ne la conna\u00eet pas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 aujourd&rsquo;hui vous pensiez qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agissait de concepts similaires, nous sommes d\u00e9sol\u00e9s de vous dire que vous avez tort. Chez Yeeply, notre mission est de <strong>faire la lumi\u00e8re sur ces trois technologies<\/strong>, afin que vous puissiez comprendre ce qu&rsquo;elles sont et en quoi elles diff\u00e8rent.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>D\u00e9couvrez en quoi elles consistent<\/strong>, comment elles sont li\u00e9es et les applications qu&rsquo;elles poss\u00e8dent.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"bt-proyecto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/transformation-digitale\/?rel=FR-BP-proyecto-transformacion#publish-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TROUVEZ LA MEILLEURE \u00c9QUIPE POUR VOTRE TRANSFORMATION DIGITALE<\/a><\/div><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce que l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle ?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;<strong>intelligence artificielle<\/strong> (IA) d\u00e9signe la capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;une machine \u00e0 imiter les fonctions cognitives qui \u00e9taient jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent exclusivement associ\u00e9es aux humains.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Percevoir, raisonner, apprendre ou r\u00e9soudre<\/strong> <strong>des probl\u00e8mes<\/strong> sont quelques-unes des choses que l&rsquo;IA peut faire. Bien que ce concept nous rappelle encore le domaine de la science-fiction, <strong>cette technologie est d\u00e9j\u00e0 int\u00e9gr\u00e9e dans notre vie quotidienne.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pensez \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration de l&rsquo;IA dans les <strong>maisons intelligentes (smart homes)<\/strong>, par exemple. Sa pr\u00e9sence dans la domotique nous permet de <strong>contr\u00f4ler nos appareils<\/strong>, <strong>de s\u00e9curiser nos maisons<\/strong>, et m\u00eame de <strong>limiter nos d\u00e9penses<\/strong>. Le but ultime de la domotique est de limiter le besoin de participation humaine.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11933\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11933\" style=\"width: 1050px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11933 size-full\" title=\"domotique dans une smart home et smartphone\" src=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/domotique-iphone-1.jpeg\" alt=\"domotique dans une smart home et smartphone\" width=\"1050\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/domotique-iphone-1.jpeg 1050w, https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/domotique-iphone-1-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/domotique-iphone-1-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/domotique-iphone-1-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1050px) 100vw, 1050px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11933\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Domotique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00e0 une Smart Home. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/IJkSskfEqrM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Unsplash<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Contexte de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le d\u00e9sir de <strong>cr\u00e9er des machines qui se comportent comme des humains<\/strong> est pr\u00e9sent dans l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;homme depuis les temps anciens.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cependant, ce n&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;\u00e0 partir de la <strong>Seconde Guerre mondiale<\/strong> que l&rsquo;on peut dire que l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle moderne est apparue avec Alan Turing. L&rsquo;expert en math\u00e9matiques a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 <strong>d\u00e9chiffrer le fonctionnement d&rsquo;Enigma<\/strong>, avec la cr\u00e9ation de la machine Bombe.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En 1950, Turing publie l&rsquo;article \u00ab\u00a0<strong>Computational Machinery and Intelligence<\/strong>\u00ab\u00a0, dans lequel il pose les bases de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle et propose une exp\u00e9rience connue aujourd&rsquo;hui sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a0<strong>Test de Turing<\/strong>\u00ab\u00a0, qui d\u00e9termine si une machine peut penser.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour ce faire, un juge se tient dans une pi\u00e8ce et discute avec la machine. Si la personne ne peut pas distinguer <strong>si elle parle \u00e0 un humain ou \u00e0 une machine, elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme intelligente.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">?? Contenu recommand\u00e9 |<em><a href=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/blog\/digitalisation\/defis-transformation-digitale\/\">Les 5 d\u00e9fis de la transformation digitale (et comment les surmonter)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Exemples d&rsquo;intelligence artificielle<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11934\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11934\" style=\"width: 1122px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11934 size-full\" title=\"equipe ingenieurs robotique\" src=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/personnes-controlent-robot.jpg\" alt=\"equipe ingenieurs robotique\" width=\"1122\" height=\"748\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/personnes-controlent-robot.jpg 1122w, https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/personnes-controlent-robot-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/personnes-controlent-robot-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/personnes-controlent-robot-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1122px) 100vw, 1122px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11934\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ing\u00e9nierie robotique. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/NaTaIvUFGtc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Unsplash<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;une des applications les plus connues de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle est la <strong>robotique<\/strong>, d\u00e9j\u00e0 tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sente dans <strong>des<\/strong> <strong>secteurs tels que l&rsquo;industrie<\/strong>. C&rsquo;est pourquoi l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne a d\u00e9j\u00e0 progress\u00e9 dans sa g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation dans d&rsquo;autres domaines, en proposant des lois sur la robotique pour <strong>aider \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre les \u00e9ventuels probl\u00e8mes qui pourraient survenir \u00e0 l&rsquo;avenir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;UE met \u00e0 l&rsquo;envers les lois d&rsquo;Isaac Asimov sur la robotique et sugg\u00e8re que les robots soient \u00e9quip\u00e9s d&rsquo;un<strong> interrupteur d&rsquo;urgence pour \u00e9viter tout danger pour les humains.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En outre, elle envisage la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;<strong>un statut juridique de personne \u00e9lectronique<\/strong>, qui aura \u00e9galement des droits et des obligations, notamment le paiement de taxes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale pour subventionner les allocations de ch\u00f4mage, entre autres propositions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bien qu&rsquo;il soit encore t\u00f4t pour voir comment la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle va \u00e9voluer, la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 est que c&rsquo;est une technologie qui est \u00e0 port\u00e9e de main et qui, <strong>dans quelques ann\u00e9es, va r\u00e9volutionner notre vie quotidienne<\/strong> : service \u00e0 la client\u00e8le, v\u00e9hicules autonomes, robots d&rsquo;assistance, etc.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/landing\/telecharger-ebook-transformation-digitale-pme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/FR-E6-Banner-blog-1020x387-1.png\" alt=\"E6 Ebook transformaci\u00f3n digital\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le Machine Learning ?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alors que l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle tente d&rsquo;imiter le raisonnement humain, le <em>machine learning<\/em> va plus loin. C&rsquo;est cette branche de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle qui <strong>permet aux machines d&rsquo;apprendre par elles-m\u00eames<\/strong>, sans d\u00e9pendre de commandes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, la \u00ab\u00a0machine\u00a0\u00bb est un <strong>algorithme qui analyse un volume de donn\u00e9es<\/strong>, qui serait ing\u00e9rable pour un \u00eatre humain, afin d&rsquo;identifier des mod\u00e8les. En d&rsquo;autres termes, le <em>machine learning<\/em> implique que la machine est <strong>form\u00e9e \u00e0 automatiser des t\u00e2ches impossibles pour un \u00eatre humain<\/strong> et, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cet apprentissage, elle peut faire des pr\u00e9dictions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette vid\u00e9o explique le fonctionnement du <em>machine learning<\/em> :<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"What is Machine Learning?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/f_uwKZIAeM0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cependant, l&rsquo;intervention humaine est <strong>n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l&rsquo;apprentissage de la machine<\/strong> pour valider la d\u00e9cision prise par le programme. L&rsquo;algorithme est progressivement affin\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces corrections.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Examples de Machine Learning<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le <em>machine learning<\/em> existe depuis un certain temps, m\u00eame si vous n&rsquo;en \u00eates peut-\u00eatre pas conscient. La <strong>reconnaissance faciale<\/strong> des photos que vous publiez sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux ou sur les services de stockage dans le cloud, est bas\u00e9e sur cette technologie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vous vous \u00eates connect\u00e9 \u00e0 des plateformes de contenu en streaming comme <strong>Netflix<\/strong> ou <strong>Spotify<\/strong> ? Si c&rsquo;est le cas, vous savez que chaque plateforme <strong>recommande<\/strong> en fonction du contenu que vous avez vu ou de la musique que vous avez \u00e9cout\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le texte pr\u00e9dictif ou la r\u00e9ponse automatique dans des services comme Gmail ou les messages LinkedIn est une autre application que vous n&rsquo;avez peut-\u00eatre pas remarqu\u00e9e. Comme vous pouvez le constater, cette technologie est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pleinement install\u00e9e dans notre vie quotidienne, l&rsquo;avez-vous remarqu\u00e9 ?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">?? Vous pourriez \u00eatre int\u00e9ress\u00e9 <em>| <a href=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/blog\/digitalisation\/intelligence-augmentee-et-artificielle\/\">L\u2019Intelligence augment\u00e9e : les humains et l\u2019IA <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/blog\/digitalisation\/intelligence-augmentee-et-artificielle\/\">unissent leurs forces<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le Deep Learning ?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le<em> deep learning<\/em> pourrait \u00eatre d\u00e9fini comme <strong>un type de <em>machine learning<\/em>, mais plus complexe.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le <em>deep learning<\/em> est un ensemble d&rsquo;algorithmes qui <strong>imitent les r\u00e9seaux neuronaux du cerveau humain<\/strong>. Dans cette technologie, la machine apprend par elle-m\u00eame mais par \u00e9tapes, ou par couches. La profondeur du mod\u00e8le d\u00e9pendra du nombre de couches du mod\u00e8le.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lorsque nous parlons de r\u00e9seaux neuronaux en apprentissage approfondi, ceux-ci <strong>peuvent \u00eatre virtuels ou physiques<\/strong>. Les virtuels seraient ceux cr\u00e9\u00e9s artificiellement dans un ordinateur, tandis que pour cr\u00e9er des r\u00e9seaux neuronaux physiques, on utilise g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement du silicium.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Exemples de <em>deep learning<\/em><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11937\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11937\" style=\"width: 1206px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11937 size-full\" title=\"assitant vocal google home sur une table\" src=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/google-home.jpg\" alt=\"assitant vocal google home sur une table\" width=\"1206\" height=\"748\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/google-home.jpg 1206w, https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/google-home-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/google-home-1024x635.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/google-home-768x476.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1206px) 100vw, 1206px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11937\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assistant vocal Google Home. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/ljG19qhTzZQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Unsplash<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Comme pour les autres technologies, le <em>deep learning<\/em> est d\u00e9j\u00e0 tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sent dans notre vie quotidienne. Des <strong>traducteurs intelligents<\/strong>, des assistants vocaux comme <strong>Siri<\/strong>, <strong>Google<\/strong> <strong>Home<\/strong>, <strong>Cortana<\/strong> ou la recherche d&rsquo;images similaires comme <strong>Google<\/strong> <strong>Photos<\/strong>, sont quelques-unes des utilisations que nous avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mais le <em>deep learning<\/em> a \u00e9galement d&rsquo;autres applications <strong>tr\u00e8s prometteuses dans des domaines tels que la m\u00e9decine ou la recherche scientifique<\/strong> en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Un exemple pourrait \u00eatre l&rsquo;analyse d&rsquo;images m\u00e9dicales, comme les rayons X ou les IRM, am\u00e9liorant la pr\u00e9cision du diagnostic. Cependant, les demandes sont infinies.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>? Lire la suite | <a href=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/blog\/tendances-competences\/gpt-3-revolutionnaire-de-lia\/\">Que signifie le GPT-3 ? Et comment a-t-il r\u00e9volutionn\u00e9 l\u2019intelligence artificielle ?<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Avez-vous compris les diff\u00e9rences ?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bien qu&rsquo;elles aient des caract\u00e9ristiques communes, vous pouvez voir que l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle, le <em>machine learning<\/em> et le <em>deep learning<\/em> sont des technologies diff\u00e9rentes mais avec un grand potentiel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si vous \u00eates une entreprise, <strong>avez-vous r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi \u00e0 comment les int\u00e9grer dans vos processus de travail ou votre service client<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>?<\/strong> Il est certain qu&rsquo;ils peuvent vous aider \u00e0 prendre de meilleures d\u00e9cisions ou \u00e0 faire la diff\u00e9rence sur le plan concurrentiel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si vous avez des doutes, consultez un <strong>partenaire digital<\/strong> comme <a href=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/transformation-digitale\/?rel=FR-LNK\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yeeply<\/a> pour savoir ce que la technologie peut faire pour vous.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/transformation-digitale\/?rel=FR-BP-proyecto-transformacion#publish-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/yeeply.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/FR-CTA-Banner-Digital-Transformation.png\" alt=\"Projet Transformation Digitale\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Intelligence artificielle, machine learning, deep learning&#8230; La technologie avance \u00e0 pas de g\u00e9ant et il est normal de se sentir perdu si on ne la &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[641],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tendances-competences"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Intelligence artificielle vs. Machine learning vs. Deep learning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu&#039;est-ce que l&#039;intelligence artificielle, le machine learning et le deep learning ? 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